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无人车停车时的沟通与担责Who answers when a driverless taxi stops个人独立概念Independent concept

远程负责人Remote Steward

控制权交接：无人出租车意外停车时，谁在决定、下一步做什么，车外随时看得见Handing over control: when a driverless taxi stops unexpectedly, everyone outside can see who is deciding and what happens next

车里没有司机，警察只能冲乘客喊。这套设计让一位有名有姓的远程负责人接手意外停车，并定下交接规则：每次交接双方确认；越出车的规则要负责人签字；联系不上人时，交警可以用钥匙有限地现场指挥。With no driver on board, a police officer can only shout at the passenger. Here a named remote steward takes over the stop, under four handover rules: both sides confirm every handover, breaking the car’s rules takes a signature, and when nobody can be reached an officer may take limited control with a key.

打开可交互工作台Open the interactive console
A white driverless pod on a pale drawing sheet, its band lit amber and its door screen reading “Holding here”; beside it, line drawings of the side, top and front, and a close-up of the door panel with the call button and key switch.
我的角色My role
研究、交互设计、三维建模与界面设计Research, interaction design, 3D modelling & interface design
关注点Focus
控制权交接 · 责任归属 · 车外沟通Control handover · Accountability · External communication
项目时间Project date
2026 年2026
问题定义The question

车里没有司机以后，意外停车时原本由司机承担的沟通和担责，落到了谁身上？With no driver on board, who takes on the talking and the responsibility when the car stops unexpectedly?

17 段网上公开的乘车经历里，常常是乘客：警察让记者「告诉车往右开」；东莞三位乘客在车里打了客服，车还是停在路口中间。In 17 rides people posted online, it was often the passenger: a police officer told a reporter to make the car turn right; three passengers in Dongguan called support and the car still sat in the junction.

  1. 关键取舍 01Key decision 01

    为什么越线要负责人签字，而不是让车学会听交警的？Why must a steward sign before the car crosses a line, instead of the car learning to obey the officer?

    车已经认得出交警的手势（W01），但认得出不等于有权越过规则。让一个有名有姓的人看过画面再签字，责任才落得到人身上。The car already recognised the officer’s gesture (W01); recognising it is not the same as being entitled to break a rule. A named person who has seen the cameras signs, so the responsibility lands on someone.

    代价Trade-off多等 20–40 秒，负责人要为签下的决定担责。20–40 seconds longer, and the steward answers for what they sign.

  2. 关键取舍 02Key decision 02

    为什么交警的钥匙只在找不到人时才能用？Why does the officer’s key work only when nobody can be reached?

    平时由负责人决定，车不会被路边任何一个人指挥。只有 60 秒没人接、或者断网时，现场交警才能接管，而且只能慢速、20 米内。Normally the steward decides, so the car cannot be steered by whoever stands beside it. Only after 60 seconds without a steward, or without a network, can the officer take over, and then only at walking pace within 20 m.

    代价Trade-off交警要先等一分钟；钥匙要随警务装备配发，每次使用都要核查。The officer waits a minute first; keys must be issued and every use reviewed.

01 / 研究Research

17 段网上的乘车经历：停车时，乘客被夹在中间17 rides posted online: when the car stops, the passenger is caught in the middle

网上公开的乘车经历Public ride accounts

司机不在了，​意外停车时的沟通落到了乘客身上With no driver, the talking at an unexpected stop falls to the passenger

Hacker News · W02 · 2025-03Upgraded Points · W13 · 2026-04

04 / 04 · 方向04 / 04 · Direction
W01W02W03W04W05W06W07W08W09W10W11W12W13W14W15W16W170102030405060708091011121314151617
  1. 停车时，乘客被夹在中间The passenger caught in the middle12 条观察12 observations
  2. 停在哪里，谁说了算Who decides where the car stops8 条观察8 observations
  3. 看不见的规则Rules you cannot see5 条观察5 observations
  4. 熟悉以后，就不看路了Familiar, and no longer watching4 条观察4 observations

模式由 AI 协助归纳，方向由我选定。Patterns sorted with AI assistance; the direction is my choice.

关键记录Key records
  1. W01 · 达拉斯 · WaymoW01 · Dallas · Waymo警察让记者告诉车往右开，车没有回应；按了呼叫客服，很久才接通。An officer told the reporter to make the car turn right; the car did not respond, and support took a long time to answer.
  2. W14 · 东莞 · 萝卜快跑W14 · Dongguan · Apollo Go车停在路口中间、挡住三条车道；交警看到车里没有司机，只能拍照、疏导交通。The car stopped in the junction across three lanes; the traffic police found no driver and could only take photos and direct traffic.
  3. W15 · 武汉 · 萝卜快跑W15 · Wuhan · Apollo Go多辆车停在马路中间和高架上；乘客打客服、按 SOS 都联系不上人，也没有人在车后放三角警示牌。Several cars stood still in the road and on an elevated road; passengers reached no one by phone or SOS, and no one put out a warning triangle.
  4. W11 · 伦敦 · WayveW11 · London · Wayve安全员上车先照脚本自我介绍：行程中不再说话，乘客需要时可以请安全员接管。The safety driver introduced themself from a script: quiet for the ride, ready to take over if the passenger asked.

FT · W01 · 2026-09驱动之家 · W14 · 2025-06什么值得买 · W15 · 2026-08The Guardian · W11 · 2026-09

车里发生了什么（转述）What happened inside (paraphrased)
W01 · 记者，第一次坐W01 · reporter, first ride
不知道能对谁、对什么说，他就在车里把话大声说了一遍；车照样放着轻音乐。Not knowing who or what to speak to, he said it out loud inside the car. The car kept playing soft music.
W14 · 三位乘客W14 · three passengers
她们在车里被路人和过往车辆围观拍照；车窗没有隐私玻璃，没到目的地又不能下车。Passers-by and passing cars took photos of them. With no privacy glass, they could not get out before the destination.
停车时缺的What the stop is missing
  • 车外的人找得到能做决定的人Someone outside can reach who decides
  • 乘客知道谁在处理、要等多久The passenger knows who is handling it, and how long
  • 现场安全有人负责Someone is responsible for safety at the scene
  • 做决定的人有名有姓、可以追溯The person deciding has a name and can be traced
02 / 概念Concept

三个方向，选了「负责人现身」Three directions; a steward who steps forward

  1. A · 选定Chosen

    远程负责人现身The steward steps forward

    一个有名有姓的人当场认领这次停车，车内车外都直接找得到。A named person takes on the stop, reachable from inside and outside the car.

  2. B · 备选Alternative

    车自己当司机The car acts as driver

    车自己说明停车原因；可解释不等于有人能做决定。The car explains why it stopped; but an explanation is not someone who can decide.

  3. C · 备选Alternative

    护住乘客Shield the passenger

    隐私玻璃和安静的座舱护住了乘客；车外的人还是找不到人。Privacy glass and a calm cabin protect the passenger; people outside still reach no one.

记录Record发生了什么What happened判断Reading设计决定Design decision
W01警察让乘客告诉车往右开，乘客只能对着车喊Told to make the car turn right, the passenger could only say it aloud车外的人找不到做决定的人People outside cannot reach who decides车门旁设通话面板，车外屏亮出负责人是谁A call panel by the door; the screen names the steward
W11安全员上车先自我介绍The safety driver introduced themself before the ride有名有姓的人在场，人才知道找谁A named person present tells people whom to ask负责人先报名字和编号，三块屏写同一个人The steward gives a name and number on every screen
W14乘客打客服没解决，下不了车，被围观Passengers called support, could not get out, and were photographed乘客不知道发生了什么、要等多久The passenger does not know what is happening or for how long座舱屏写清谁在处理、等多久，乘客不用做什么The cabin screen says who is handling it, how long, and that nothing is needed
W15车停在路中间，没有人在车后放三角牌Cars stood still in the road; no one put out a warning triangle停车时，现场安全没人负责No one is responsible for safety at the scene车在地面亮出警示区，腰线转琥珀色A warning zone lit on the ground; the band turns amber
03 / 控制权Control

每一刻都说清：此刻谁在决定At every moment, everyone can tell who is deciding

一次意外停车里的控制权Control through one unexpected stop
车Car负责人Steward交警Officer60 秒60 s双方确认Both confirm双方确认Both confirm钥匙Key双方确认Both confirm车Car负责人Steward交警Officer60 秒60 s
  1. 01

    随时说清谁在决定Always say who is deciding

    车外屏和座舱屏的第一行只写一件事：谁在决定。The first line of the exterior and cabin screens says one thing only: who is deciding.

  2. 02

    交接要双方确认Both sides confirm every handover

    一方交出、另一方接手，双方都确认之前，控制权留在原处。就像驾驶舱交接操纵：「你来操纵」「我来操纵」。One side hands over and the other takes over; until both have confirmed, control stays where it was, as in a cockpit: “You have control.” “I have control.”

  3. 03

    越出车的规则，要有人签字Breaking the car’s rules takes a signature

    车不会自己越实线、逆行。有名有姓的负责人签字后，只执行一次，记录写上名字。The car never crosses a solid line or drives against traffic on its own. A named steward signs, once, and the record keeps the name.

  4. 04

    找不到人，有限地交给现场Nobody reachable: a limited handover to the scene

    60 秒联系不上负责人，交警可以用钥匙接管：只能慢速、20 米内，10 分钟后失效。像电梯留给消防员的钥匙。After 60 s without a steward an officer can take over with a key, at walking pace, within 20 m, for 10 minutes, like a firefighter’s key for a lift.

04 / 交互序列Interaction

从停下到驶离四步，乘客一句话都不用传Four steps from stop to departure; the passenger relays nothing

From above: cones close the kerb lane ahead; the stopped car’s band and the dashed zone around it are amber, an officer stands at the call panel by its door, and a second car with a white band drives past in the next lane.
  1. S1 · 0 秒S1 · 0 sThe pod stopped with an amber band and an amber dashed zone on the ground; no one beside it.

    车停下The car stops

    腰线转琥珀色，地面亮起警示区；车先呼叫负责人。The band turns amber and a warning zone lights the ground; the car calls its steward.

  2. S2 · 10 秒S2 · 10 sAn officer in a high-visibility vest walks towards the kerb side of the stopped pod.

    负责人接手The steward takes over

    车外屏亮出名字，指向通话键；交警走过来。The screen names the steward and points to the call button; an officer walks up.

  3. S3 · 40 秒S3 · 40 sThe officer stands at the call panel beside the door, one hand on the button.

    车外直接通话A call at the door

    交警按下通话键，负责人当场回应；乘客不用传话。The officer presses the button and the steward answers; the passenger relays nothing.

  4. S4 · 70 秒S4 · 70 sThe band and the ground zone are green; the officer has stepped back and raises an arm.

    负责人确认Confirmed

    腰线和地面转绿，右转向灯亮；交警退开，车驶离。Band and ground turn green, the right indicators flash; the officer steps back and the car leaves.

05 / 难题Hard cases

三个难题：越出规则、负责人忙线、找不到人Three hard cases: a rule to break, a busy steward, nobody to reach

难题 1Case 1 · W01-1 · W01-5

交警的指令，越出了车的规则The officer’s instruction breaks the car’s rules

前方整条路封闭，交警示意越过双白线掉头。车不会自己越线：车外屏写明要等负责人签字；林知远看过现场画面后签字，车慢速掉头一次，记录写上他的名字。The road ahead is closed and the officer waves the car across the double white line. The car will not cross on its own: its screen asks for a signature, Lin Zhiyuan checks the cameras and signs, and the car makes one slow U-turn with his name in the record.

规则Rule
越出规则，要有人签字，只算这一次。Breaking a rule takes a person’s signature, once.
代价Cost
多等 20–40 秒；负责人要为签下的决定担责。20–40 seconds longer; the steward answers for what they sign.
  1. Cones close both lanes; the officer points the stopped car across the double white line.
  2. After the signature the car turns slowly across the double white line, its band and zone green.
难题 2Case 2 · W01-3 · W01-5 · W14-3

负责人忙不过来The steward is busy

林知远正在处理 HK-0716，HK-0233 也停下了。20 秒内没人接起，请求自动转给下一位负责人陈嘉怡，车外和车内的屏幕同时换成她的名字。Lin Zhiyuan is on HK-0716 when HK-0233 stops too. If nobody answers within 20 seconds the request passes to the next steward, Chen Jiayi, and her name replaces his on the screens outside and inside.

规则Rule
转接有时限，新负责人的名字马上出现在车外。A handover has a time limit, and the new name shows at once.
代价Cost
要按停车频率排班；现场记录要随请求一起转过去。Stewards are rostered to the stop rate; the field record travels with the request.
The steward's console: HK-0233 has stopped too; a countdown passes it to Chen Jiayi unless Lin Zhiyuan takes it.
难题 3Case 3 · W14-2 · W15-1

断网，找不到任何人Nobody can be reached

车在变道时断网，斜停在两条车道之间。60 秒联系不上负责人，车门旁的钥匙孔亮起；交警转动钥匙，车外屏变成靠边、前移、停住三个键，车以步行速度挪回路边车道。恢复连接后，交警交回、负责人确认，控制权才回到负责人手里。The car loses its network while changing lanes and stops across the line. After 60 seconds without a steward the key switch by the door comes alive; the officer turns it, the screen becomes three buttons, and the car creeps back into the kerb lane at walking pace. When the network returns, the officer hands back and the steward confirms before control moves.

规则Rule
找不到人，有限地交给现场。Nobody reachable: hand over to the scene, within limits.
代价Cost
每位交警要配钥匙；每次使用都记录，事后核查。Every officer carries a key; each use is logged and reviewed afterwards.
  1. Without a network the car has stopped across the lane line; a second car waits behind it.
  2. Close-up: the officer turns the key below the call button; the exterior screen shows three buttons: pull over, move forward, stop.
  3. The car has crept back into the kerb lane, its band green; the officer stands on the pavement as traffic passes.
06 / 位置与灯光Placement and light

放在车门旁：伸手够得到，走近看得见Beside the door: within reach, readable on approach

Side elevation line drawing with an officer at the call panel; three candidate zones are marked: A behind the door, B on the front, C on the roof glass.A · 车门后侧A · behind the doorB · 车头B · frontC · 车顶玻璃C · roof glass
位置Position伸手够得到Within reach走近看得见Readable on approach不抢行驶信号Leaves driving signals
A · 车门后侧A · behind the door是Yes是Yes是Yes
B · 车头B · front是Yes只在车前Only from ahead会抢位置Competes
C · 车顶玻璃C · roof glass偏高Too high是Yes是Yes
一套灯光One light language
  • 白White车自己开The car is driving itself
  • 琥珀Amber停住，等人决定Holding still until a person decides
  • 绿Green按人的确认在动Moving on a person’s confirmation

颜色说车在做什么，屏幕说谁在决定。Colour says what the car is doing; the screen says who is deciding.

07 / 三块屏Three screens

同一位负责人，出现在车外、车内和远程台One steward on the exterior screen, the cabin screen and the remote console

The remote console: the cars in the steward’s care, the stopped car’s cameras, a log of the stop, and the officer’s request with a button to sign it.
Cabin screen while the call is on: remote steward Lin Zhiyuan is confirming the detour with the officer; the passenger does not need to do anything.
Cabin screen after the ride: “I am responsible for this stop”, signed by the steward, with each handover of control and its time.
08 / 产品方案Product

车门旁的面板：通话键，和留给交警的钥匙孔The door panel: a call button, and a key switch for officers

Close-up of the kerb side: the exterior screen names the steward in charge and points to the call button; below the button, the officer’s key switch.
From the rear seat: facing benches and the cabin screen above the front bench, saying who is deciding now.
09 / 设计产出Outcomes

四条交接规则、停车流程、车门面板与三块屏、一套灯光Four handover rules, a stop procedure, a door panel and three screens, one light language

  1. 交接规则Handover rules

    • 随时说清谁在决定Always say who is deciding
    • 交接要双方确认Both sides confirm a handover
    • 越出规则要有人签字Breaking a rule takes a signature
    • 找不到人，有限地交给现场Nobody reachable: a limited handover to the scene

  2. 停车流程Stop procedure

    车停住 →负责人接手 →车门旁通话 →签字后行驶 →交回车Car holds → steward takes over → call at the door → signed move → back to the car

  3. 车门面板与三块屏Door panel and three screens

    通话键人人可按，钥匙孔留给交警；三块屏的第一行都是谁在决定A call button for anyone, a key switch for officers; every screen starts with who is deciding

  4. 灯光语言Light language

    • 白 · 车自己开White · the car drives itself
    • 琥珀 · 停住，等人决定Amber · holding for a person
    • 绿 · 按人的确认在动Green · moving on confirmation